A salient is an elongated protrusion of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state. While similar to a peninsula in shape, a salient is not surrounded by water on three sides. Instead, it has a land border on at least two sides and extends out from the larger geographical body of the administrative unit. In American English the term panhandle is often used to describe a relatively long and narrow salient, such as the westernmost extension of Oklahoma. Less common descriptors include chimney (if protruding northward, as a chimney does from a roof, as with the northernmost extremity of West Virginia) and bootheel (if protruding southward, as the heel underneath a boot, such as the Missouri Bootheel). The term salient is derived from military salients. The term "panhandle" derives from the analogous part of a cooking pan, and its use is generally confined to the United States. The salient shape can be the result of arbitrarily drawn international or subnational boundaries, though the location of administrative borders can also take into account other considerations such as economic ties or topography. Cibitoke Province, Burundi Far North Region, Cameroon Congo Pedicle, Democratic Republic of the Congo Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of the Congo Southern Red Sea Region, Eritrea Gambela Region, Ethiopia Nimba County, Liberia Nsanje District, Malawi Kayes Region, Mali Azawad, Mali Tete Province, Mozambique Caprivi Strip, Namibia Casamance, Senegal Kalahari Gemsbok National Park, South Africa Blue Nile, Sudan Wadi Halfa Salient, Sudan Kagera Region, Tanzania Misiones, Argentina Roraima, Brazil Southern Ontario, Canada and Toronto Tatshenshini-Alsek Park, British Columbia, Canada Amazon Trapezium, Amazonas, Colombia Southeast Guainía Department, Colombia Yavarate, Vaupés Department, Colombia Petén, Guatemala Tumbes Region, Peru Southeast Alaska, Alaska, United States (see also Panhandles in the United States) Amazonas, Venezuela Wakhan Corridor, Afghanistan Chittagong, Bangladesh Rangpur, Bangladesh Tanintharyi Region, Burma (Myanmar) Parrot's Beak, Cambodia Louroujina Salient, Cyprus Seven Sister States, India (largest in the world) Sikkim, India Jerusalem corridor, Israel Galilee Panhandle, Israel Mafraq Governorate, Jordan Mangystau Region, Kazakhstan Batken, Kyrgyzstan Phongsaly Province, Laos North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng, and Ryanggang, together comprise the "panhandle" of North Korea Primorsky Krai, Russia Sughd, Tajikistan Southern Thailand, Thailand Hatay Province, Turkey Surxondaryo Region, Uzbekistan Tây Ninh Province, Vietnam Syunik, Armenia Tyrol and Vorarlberg together comprise the western "panhandle" of Austria West-Flanders, Belgium Neum, Bosnia and Herzegovina Vidin Province, Bulgaria Dubrovnik-Neretva County, Croatia Cheb District, Czech Republic Šluknov Hook, Czech Republic Laatre, Viljandi County, Estonia Enontekiö, Finland Charleville-Mézières, France Kakheti, Georgia Western Thrace, Greece Donegal, Ireland Monaghan, Ireland Province of Trieste, Italy Dieveniškės Appendix, Lithuania Briceni District, Moldova Castelré, Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands Limburg, the Netherlands Pasvikdalen valley, Norway Bogatynia, Poland Bryansk Oblast, Russia Galicia, Spain Canton of Geneva, Switzerland Canton of Schaffhausen, Switzerland Bernina, Inn, Lugano, Mendrisio and Porrentruy Districts, Switzerland Budjak, Ukraine The following locations are salients in First-level administrative subdivisions of nations. Tafraoui, Oran Province, Algeria Southwestern Saïda Province, Algeria Northeastern Bié Province, Angola Eastern Kgalagadi District, Botswana Balé Province, Boucle du Mouhoun Region, Burkina Faso Kouritenga Province, Centre-Est Region, Burkina Faso Northwest Bujumbura Rural Province, Burundi Northern Muyinga Province, Burundi Okoyo District, Cuvette Department, Republic of the Congo Kimongo District, Niari Department, Republic of the Congo Northwestern Wele-Nzas Province, Equatorial Guinea Sitti Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia Haut-Komo Department, Woleu-Ntem Province, Gabon Upper Denkyira West District, Central Region, Ghana Télimélé Prefecture, Kindia Region, Guinea Northeast Mamou Prefecture, Mamou Region, Guinea Western Isiolo County, Kenya Eastern Al Wahat District, Libya Southern Mzimba District, Northern Region, Malawi Eastern Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region, Mauritania Boumdeid Department, Assaba Region, Mauritania Southeastern Tete Province, Mozambique Gossas Department, Fatick Region, Senegal Southern Uvinza District, Kigoma Region, Tanzania Babati, Hanang, and Mbulu Districts, Manyara Region, Tanzania Gokwe North and Gokwe South Districts, Midlands Province, Zimbabwe Southern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina Luis Calvo, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia Sud Cinti, Chuquisaca Department, Bolivia Whale Coast, Bahia, Brazil Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil Northwestern British Columbia, Canada Arauco Province, Bío Bío Region, Chile San Antonio Province, Valparaíso Region, Chile Santander Department northern tip, Colombia Southeastern Cauca Department, Colombia Urabá region, Antioquia Department, Colombia Western Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica Guamá, Santiago de Cuba Province, Cuba Southern Hato Mayor Province, Dominican Republic Southern Samaná Province, Dominican Republic Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura Province, Ecuador Southeastern Napo Province, Ecuador Balzar and El Empalme Cantons, Guayas Province, Ecuador Southern San Miguel Department, El Salvador Northern East Berbice-Corentyne, Guyana Norte, Jalisco, Mexico Eastern Tabasco, Mexico Southeastern Zacatecas, Mexico Southern Zacatecas, Mexico Chiriquí Grande District, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama Southern Chimán District, Panamá Province, Panama Mariato District, Veraguas Province, Panama Northern Tapanahony, Sipaliwini District, Suriname Páez, Apure, Venezuela Western Andrés Eloy Blanco Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela Arismendi Municipality, Barinas, Venezuela * This definition includes the following counties: Bay, Calhoun, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty, Madison, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Taylor, Wakulla, Walton, and Washington. † This definition includes the following counties: Allegany, Frederick, Garrett, and Washington Many people in the Pacific Northwest refer to the extreme northern section of Idaho's panhandle as "The Chimney", due to its resemblance to a chimney when viewed on maps.Although Utah, like Nebraska, has a protrusion from its otherwise straight border, it is not usually considered a panhandle, as half of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, the most populous region in the state and the home of the state's capital, is located in the region. Likewise, though New York has a southern protrusion that is more conspicuous than e.g. the Connecticut, Texas and Nebraska Panhandles, this is never considered a panhandle since it accommodates the most densely populated parts of the state. (In New York's case, its irregular shape leaves certain regions up for debate. From a different perspective, that region is part of the New York mainland while a western salient juts out.) Thus, the concept of a panhandle may not be purely geographic but may also have a demographic component. The six northwest Cook County, Illinois townships, outside of Chicago. The Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis Railway was often called the Panhandle, as it crossed the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia. The San Francisco Panhandle, California Northern part of Lancaster County, South Carolina Wakhan District, Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan Nawa District, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan Chishti Sharif District, Herat Province, Afghanistan Eastern Sarpang District, Bhutan Northern Mandalay Division, Burma Eastern Chuzhou, Anhui, China PR Western Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu, China PR Jiuquan, Pingliang and Qingyang, Gansu, China PR Daxing'anling Prefecture, Heilongjiang, China PR Zhaotong, Yunnan, China PR Koraput and Malkangiri districts, Odisha, India Kota division, Rajasthan, India Southern Jhansi division, Uttar Pradesh, India Eastern salient of Java, East Java, Indonesia Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran Southwest Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran Southern Yazd Province, Iran Wadi Araba Department, Aqaba Governorate, Jordan Russeifa Department, Zarqa Governorate, Jordan Southwest Panfilov District, Chuy Region, Kyrgyzstan Chong-Alay District, Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan Nabatieh District, Nabatieh Governorate, Lebanon Eastern Achham District, Far-Western Region, Nepal Western Surkhet District, Mid-Western Region, Nepal Bannu, Karak, and Kohat Divisions, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan Eastern Maguindanao, Philippines Makati City, Philippines Trincomalee District, Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Al-Suqaylabiyah District, Hama Governorate, Syria Darvoz District, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, Tajikistan Western Dhamar Governorate, Yemen South Jakarta, Jakarta Special Capital Region, and Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Southern Gmunden, Upper Austria, Austria Frederikshavn Municipality, North Denmark Region, Denmark Parikkala, South Karelia, Finland Ruokolahti, South Karelia, Finland Varkaus, Pohjois-Savo, Finland Lower Franconia, Bavaria, Germany Osnabrück District and City, Lower Saxony, Germany Altenburger Land, Thuringia, Germany Northern Pest County, Hungary Clonlisk, County Offaly, Leinster, Ireland Province of Rieti, Lazio, Italy Raseiniai District Municipality, Kaunas County, Lithuania Rivierenland, Gelderland, the Netherlands Steenwijkerland, Overijssel, the Netherlands Mourão, Évora District, Portugal Vorkuta District, Komi Republic, Russia Diessenhofen, Schlatt bei Diessenhofen, and Basadingen-Schlattingen, Frauenfeld District, Thurgau, Switzerland Monthey District, Valais, Switzerland Buckfastleigh, Teignbridge, United Kingdom Ceiriog Valley, Wrexham County Borough, Wales, United Kingdom Western New Forest District, Hampshire, United Kingdom Newmarket, Suffolk, United Kingdom North Cornwall, Cornwall, United Kingdom South Staffordshire, Staffordshire, United Kingdom The area around Tring, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Northeastern Nadroga-Navosa Province, Western Division, Fiji Southern Anetan District, Nauru Rangitaiki River Valley, Bay of Plenty Region, New Zealand Hunter River Valley, Otago region, New Zealand Upper Rangitata Valley, Timaru District, New Zealand Upper Waitaki Valley, Waitaki District, New Zealand Northeastern West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea